How the Nazis abused children in the Salaspils concentration camp. Female soldiers of the Red Army in German captivity What did the Nazis do with captured girls

What did the Nazis do with the captured women? Truth and myths regarding the atrocities committed by German soldiers against the Red Army, partisans, snipers and other females. During the Second World War, many female volunteers were sent to the front, almost a million especially females were sent to the front, and almost all of them signed up as volunteers. It was already much more difficult for women at the front than for men, but when they fell into the clutches of the Germans, real hell began.

Also, women who remained under occupation in Belarus or Ukraine suffered a lot. Sometimes they managed to relatively safely survive the German regime (memoirs, books by Bykov, Nilin), but they could not do without humiliation. Even more often - they were waiting for a concentration camp, rape, torture.

Execution by firing squad or hanging

With captured women who fought in positions in the Soviet army, they acted quite simply - they were shot. But scouts or partisans, most often, were expected to be hanged. Usually - after a long bullying.

Most of all, the Germans liked to undress the captured Red Army women, keep them in the cold or drive them down the street. It went back to the Jewish pogroms. In those days, girlish shame was a very strong psychological tool, the Germans were surprised how many virgins were among the captives, so they actively used such a measure to finally crush, break, and humiliate.

Public flogging, beatings, carousel interrogations are also one of the favorite methods of the Nazis.

Rape by the whole platoon was often practiced. However, this mostly happened in small units. The officers did not welcome this, they were forbidden to do this, therefore, more often this was done by escorts, assault groups during arrests, or during closed interrogations.

On the bodies of the killed partisans (for example, the famous Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya), traces of torture and abuse were found. Their breasts were cut off, stars were cut out, and so on.

Did the Germans impale?

Today, when some idiots try to justify the crimes of the Nazis, others try to catch up with more fear. For example, they write that the captured women were impaled by the Germans. There is no documentary or photographic evidence of this, and it’s just that the Nazis hardly wanted to spend time on this. They considered themselves "cultural", so the actions of intimidation were carried out mainly through mass executions, hangings, or general burning in huts.

Of the exotic types of executions, only the “gas wagon” can be mentioned. This is a special van where people were killed with the help of exhaust gases. Naturally, they were also used to eliminate women. True, such machines did not serve Nazi Germany for long, since the Nazis, after the execution, were forced to launder them for a long time.

death camps

In the concentration camp, Soviet women prisoners of war fell on an equal footing with men, but, of course, they reached such a prison much less than the initial number. Partisans and intelligence officers were usually hanged immediately, but nurses, doctors, representatives of the civilian population, who were Jewish by nationality or were related to party work, could be stolen.

The Nazis did not really favor women, since they worked worse than men. It is known that the Nazis conducted medical experiments on people, women were cut out the ovaries. The famous Nazi doctor-sadist Josef Mengele sterilized women with X-rays, tested on them the capabilities of the human body to withstand high voltage.

Famous women's concentration camps are Ravensbrück, Auschwitz, Buchenwald, Mauthausen, Salaspils. In total, the Nazis opened more than 40 thousand camps and ghettos, executions were put on stream. Worst of all had to women with children who had their blood taken. Stories about how the mother begged the nurse to inject the child with poison so that he would not be tormented by experiments are still horrifying. But for the Nazis, the dissection of a living baby, the introduction of bacteria and chemicals into the child was in the order of things.

Verdict

About 5 million Soviet citizens died in captivity and concentration camps. More than half of them were women, however, there would hardly have been even more than 100 thousand prisoners of war. Basically, the fair sex in overcoats was dealt with on the spot.

Of course, the Nazis answered for their crimes, both with their complete defeat and with executions during the Nuremberg trials. But the worst thing was that many, after the concentration camps of the Nazis, were already sent to the Stalinist camps. So, for example, they often dealt with residents of the occupied regions, intelligence workers, signalmen, etc.

Women medical workers of the Red Army, taken prisoner near Kiev, were collected for transfer to the POW camp, August 1941:

The uniform of many girls is semi-military-semi-civilian, which is typical for the initial stage of the war, when the Red Army had difficulties in providing women's uniforms and uniform shoes of small sizes. On the left - a dull captured artillery lieutenant, maybe a "stage commander".

How many female soldiers of the Red Army ended up in German captivity is unknown. However, the Germans did not recognize women as military personnel and regarded them as partisans. Therefore, according to the German private Bruno Schneider, before sending his company to Russia, their commander, Lieutenant Prince, familiarized the soldiers with the order: “Shoot all women who serve in the Red Army.” Numerous facts testify that this order was applied throughout the war.
In August 1941, on the orders of Emil Knol, commander of the field gendarmerie of the 44th Infantry Division, a prisoner of war - a military doctor - was shot.
In the city of Mglinsk, Bryansk region, in 1941, the Germans captured two girls from the medical unit and shot them.
After the defeat of the Red Army in Crimea in May 1942, in the Mayak fishing village near Kerch, an unknown girl was hiding in the house of a resident of Buryachenko military uniform. On May 28, 1942, the Germans discovered her during a search. The girl resisted the Nazis, shouting: “Shoot, bastards! I am dying for the Soviet people, for Stalin, and you, fiends, will be dog's death! The girl was shot in the yard.
At the end of August 1942, a group of sailors was shot in the village of Krymskaya in the Krasnodar Territory, among them there were several girls in military uniform.
In the village of Starotitarovskaya, Krasnodar Territory, among the executed prisoners of war, the corpse of a girl in a Red Army uniform was found. She had a passport with her in the name of Mikhailova Tatyana Alexandrovna, 1923. She was born in the village of Novo-Romanovka.
In the village of Vorontsovo-Dashkovskoye, Krasnodar Territory, in September 1942, captured military assistants Glubokov and Yachmenev were brutally tortured.
On January 5, 1943, 8 Red Army soldiers were captured near the Severny farm. Among them is a nurse named Lyuba. After prolonged torture and humiliation, all those captured were shot.

Two rather grinning Nazis - a non-commissioned officer and a fanen-junker (candidate officer, on the right) - escort a captured Soviet girl soldier - to captivity ... or to death?


It seems that the "Hans" do not look evil ... Although - who knows? In war, completely ordinary people often do such outrageous abominations that they would never have done in "another life" ...
The girl is dressed in a full set of field uniforms of the Red Army, model 1935 - male, and in good "commander" boots in size.

A similar photo, probably summer or early autumn 1941. The convoy is a German non-commissioned officer, a female prisoner of war in a commander's cap, but without insignia:

Divisional intelligence translator P. Rafes recalls that in the village of Smagleevka, liberated in 1943, 10 km from Kantemirovka, residents told how in 1941 “a wounded lieutenant girl was dragged naked onto the road, her face, hands were cut, her breasts were cut off ... »
Knowing what awaits them in the event of captivity, female soldiers, as a rule, fought to the last.
Often captured women were raped before they died. Hans Rudhoff, a soldier from the 11th Panzer Division, testifies that in the winter of 1942, “... Russian nurses lay on the roads. They were shot and thrown on the road. They lay naked... On these dead bodies... obscene inscriptions were written.
In Rostov in July 1942, German motorcyclists broke into the yard, where there were nurses from the hospital. They were going to change into civilian clothes, but did not have time. So, in military uniform, they dragged them into a barn and raped them. However, they were not killed.
Women prisoners of war who ended up in camps were also subjected to violence and abuse. Former prisoner of war K.A. Shenipov said that in the camp in Drogobych there was a beautiful captive girl named Lyuda. “Captain Stroher, the camp commandant, tried to rape her, but she resisted, after which the German soldiers, called by the captain, tied Lyuda to a bunk, and in this position Stroher raped her and then shot her.”
In Stalag 346 in Kremenchug at the beginning of 1942, the German camp doctor Orlyand gathered 50 women doctors, paramedics, nurses, undressed them and “ordered our doctors to examine them from the genitals - if they were sick with venereal diseases. He carried out the inspection himself. I chose 3 young girls from them, took them to my place to “serve”. German soldiers and officers came for women examined by doctors. Few of these women escaped rape.

A female soldier of the Red Army who was captured while trying to get out of the encirclement near Nevel, summer 1941




Judging by their emaciated faces, they had to go through a lot even before being taken prisoner.

Here the "Hans" are clearly mocking and posing - so that they themselves will quickly experience all the "joys" of captivity !! And the unfortunate girl, who, it seems, has already drunk dashingly to the full extent at the front, has no illusions about her prospects in captivity ...

On the left photo (September 1941, again near Kiev -?), on the contrary, the girls (one of whom even managed to keep a watch on her hand in captivity; an unprecedented thing, a watch is the optimal camp currency!) Do not look desperate or exhausted. Captured Red Army soldiers are smiling... Is it a staged photo, or was a relatively humane camp commandant really caught, who ensured a tolerable existence?

The camp guards from among the former prisoners of war and camp policemen were especially cynical about women prisoners of war. They raped captives or, under threat of death, forced them to cohabit with them. In Stalag No. 337, not far from Baranovichi, about 400 female prisoners of war were kept in a specially fenced area with barbed wire. In December 1967, at a meeting of the military tribunal of the Belarusian military district, the former head of the camp guard A.M. Yarosh admitted that his subordinates raped the prisoners of the women's bloc.
The Millerovo POW camp also contained female prisoners. The commandant of the women's barracks was a German from the Volga region. The fate of the girls languishing in this barrack was terrible:
“Police often looked into this barracks. Every day, for half a liter, the commandant gave any girl to choose from for two hours. The policeman could take her to his barracks. They lived two in a room. During these two hours, he could use her as a thing, abuse, mock, do whatever he pleases.
Once, during the evening verification, the chief of police himself came, they gave him a girl for the whole night, a German woman complained to him that these “bastards” were reluctant to go to your policemen. He advised with a grin: “For those who do not want to go, arrange a“ red fireman ”. The girl was stripped naked, crucified, tied with ropes on the floor. Then they took a large red hot pepper, turned it inside out and inserted it into the girl's vagina. Left in this position for half an hour. Shouting was forbidden. Many girls' lips were bitten - they held back the cry, and after such a punishment they could not move for a long time.
The commandant, behind her back they called her a cannibal, enjoyed unlimited rights over the captive girls and came up with other sophisticated mockeries. For example, "self-punishment". There is a special stake, which is made crosswise with a height of 60 centimeters. The girl should strip naked, insert a stake into the anus, hold on to the cross with her hands, and put her legs on a stool and hold on for three minutes. Who could not stand it, had to repeat from the beginning.
We learned about what was happening in the women's camp from the girls themselves, who came out of the barracks to sit for about ten minutes on a bench. Also, the policemen boastfully talked about their exploits and the resourceful German woman.

Female doctors of the Red Army, who were taken prisoner, worked in camp infirmaries in many prisoner of war camps (mainly in transit and transit camps).


There may also be a German field hospital in the front line - in the background you can see part of the body of a car equipped to transport the wounded, and one of the German soldiers in the photo has a bandaged hand.

Infirmary hut of the POW camp in Krasnoarmeysk (probably October 1941):


In the foreground is a non-commissioned officer of the German field gendarmerie with a characteristic badge on his chest.

Women prisoners of war were held in many camps. According to eyewitnesses, they made an extremely miserable impression. In conditions camp life it was especially difficult for them: they, like no one else, suffered from a lack of basic sanitary conditions.
In the fall of 1941, K. Kromiadi, a member of the commission for the distribution of labor, who visited the Sedlice camp, talked with the captured women. One of them, a female military doctor, admitted: “... everything is bearable, except for the lack of linen and water, which does not allow us to change clothes or wash ourselves.”
A group of female health workers taken prisoner in the Kiev pocket in September 1941 was kept in Vladimir-Volynsk - Camp Oflag No. 365 "Nord".
Nurses Olga Lenkovskaya and Taisiya Shubina were captured in October 1941 in the Vyazemsky encirclement. At first, women were kept in a camp in Gzhatsk, then in Vyazma. In March, when the Red Army approached, the Germans transferred the captured women to Smolensk in Dulag No. 126. There were few prisoners in the camp. They were kept in a separate barracks, communication with men was forbidden. From April to July 1942, the Germans released all women with the "condition of a free settlement in Smolensk."

Crimea, summer 1942. Quite young Red Army soldiers, just captured by the Wehrmacht, and among them is the same young soldier girl:


Most likely - not a doctor: her hands are clean, in a recent battle she did not bandage the wounded.

After the fall of Sevastopol in July 1942, about 300 female health workers were taken prisoner: doctors, nurses, nurses. At first they were sent to Slavuta, and in February 1943, having gathered about 600 female prisoners of war in the camp, they were loaded into wagons and taken to the West. Everyone was lined up in Rovno, and another search for Jews began. One of the prisoners, Kazachenko, walked around and showed: "this is a Jew, this is a commissar, this is a partisan." Those who were separated from the general group were shot. The rest were again loaded into wagons, men and women together. The prisoners themselves divided the car into two parts: in one - women, in the other - men. Recovered in a hole in the floor.
On the way, the captured men were dropped off at different stations, and on February 23, 1943, the women were brought to the city of Zoes. Lined up and announced that they would work in military factories. Evgenia Lazarevna Klemm was also in the group of prisoners. Jewish. History teacher at the Odessa Pedagogical Institute, posing as a Serb. She enjoyed special prestige among women prisoners of war. E.L. Klemm on behalf of all German said: "We are prisoners of war and will not work in military factories." In response, they began to beat everyone, and then drove them into a small hall, in which, because of the crowding, it was impossible to sit down or move. It stayed that way for almost a day. And then the rebellious were sent to Ravensbrück. This women's camp was established in 1939. The first prisoners of Ravensbrück were prisoners from Germany, and then from European countries occupied by the Germans. All the prisoners were shaved bald, dressed in striped (blue and gray striped) dresses and unlined jackets. Underwear - shirt and shorts. There were no bras or belts. In October, a pair of old stockings was given out for half a year, but not everyone managed to walk in them until spring. Shoes, as in most concentration camps, are wooden blocks.
The barrack was divided into two parts, connected by a corridor: a day room, in which there were tables, stools and small wall cabinets, and a sleeping room - three-tiered plank beds with a narrow passage between them. For two prisoners, one cotton blanket was issued. In a separate room lived block - senior barracks. There was a washroom in the corridor.

A group of Soviet women prisoners of war arrived at Stalag 370, Simferopol (summer or early autumn 1942):




The prisoners carry all their meager possessions; under the hot Crimean sun, many of them "like a woman" tied their heads with handkerchiefs and took off their heavy boots.

Ibid, Stalag 370, Simferopol:


Prisoners worked mainly in the camp's sewing factories. In Ravensbrück, 80% of all uniforms for the SS troops were made, as well as camp clothing for both men and women.
The first Soviet female prisoners of war - 536 people - arrived at the camp on February 28, 1943. At first, everyone was sent to a bathhouse, and then they were given striped camp clothes with a red triangle with the inscription: "SU" - Sowjet Union.
Even before the arrival of the Soviet women, the SS spread a rumor around the camp that a gang of female murderers would be brought from Russia. Therefore, they were placed in a special block, fenced with barbed wire.
Every day, the prisoners got up at 4 in the morning for verification, sometimes lasting several hours. Then they worked for 12-13 hours in sewing workshops or in the camp infirmary.
Breakfast consisted of ersatz coffee, which the women used mainly to wash their hair, as there was no warm water. For this purpose, coffee was collected and washed in turn.
Women whose hair survived began to use combs, which they themselves made. Frenchwoman Micheline Morel recalls that “Russian girls, using factory machines, cut wooden planks or metal plates and polished them so that they became quite acceptable combs. For a wooden scallop they gave half a portion of bread, for a metal one - a whole portion.
For lunch, the prisoners received half a liter of gruel and 2-3 boiled potatoes. In the evening, for five people, they received a small loaf of bread with an admixture of sawdust and again half a liter of gruel.

The impression that Soviet women made on the prisoners of Ravensbrück is testified in her memoirs by one of the prisoners, S. Müller:
“...on one Sunday in April, we learned that Soviet prisoners refused to comply with some order, referring to the fact that, according to the Geneva Convention of the Red Cross, they should be treated like prisoners of war. For the camp authorities, this was unheard of insolence. The whole first half of the day they were forced to march along Lagerstrasse (the main "street" of the camp. - A. Sh.) and deprived of lunch.
But the women from the Red Army bloc (as we called the barracks where they lived) decided to turn this punishment into a demonstration of their strength. I remember someone shouted in our block: “Look, the Red Army is marching!” We ran out of the barracks and rushed to Lagerstrasse. And what did we see?
It was unforgettable! Five hundred Soviet women, ten in a row, keeping alignment, walked, as if in a parade, minting a step. Their steps, like a drum roll, beat rhythmically along the Lagerstrasse. The whole column moved as a single unit. Suddenly, a woman on the right flank of the first row gave the command to sing. She counted out: “One, two, three!” And they sang:

Get up great country
Rise to the death fight...

I had heard them sing this song under their breath in their barracks before. But here it sounded like a call to fight, like faith in a quick victory.
Then they sang about Moscow.
The Nazis were puzzled: the punishment by marching the humiliated prisoners of war turned into a demonstration of their strength and inflexibility ...
It was not possible for the SS to leave Soviet women without lunch. Political prisoners took care of food for them in advance.

Soviet women prisoners of war more than once struck their enemies and fellow campers with their unity and spirit of resistance. Once 12 Soviet girls were included in the list of prisoners destined to be sent to Majdanek, to the gas chambers. When the SS men came to the barracks to take the women away, the comrades refused to hand them over. The SS managed to find them. “The remaining 500 people lined up five people and went to the commandant. The translator was E.L. Klemm. The commandant drove the newcomers into the block, threatening them with execution, and they began a hunger strike.
In February 1944, about 60 women prisoners of war from Ravensbrück were transferred to a concentration camp in the city of Barth at the Heinkel aircraft factory. The girls refused to work there. Then they were lined up in two rows and ordered to strip down to their shirts and remove the wooden blocks. For many hours they stood in the cold, every hour the matron came and offered coffee and a bed to anyone who would agree to go to work. Then the three girls were thrown into a punishment cell. Two of them died of pneumonia.
Constant bullying, hard labor, hunger led to suicide. In February 1945, the defender of Sevastopol, military doctor Zinaida Aridova, threw herself on the wire.
Nevertheless, the prisoners believed in liberation, and this belief sounded in a song composed by an unknown author:

Keep your head up, Russian girls!
Above your head, be bold!
We don't have long to endure.
The nightingale will fly in the spring ...
And open the door for us to freedom,
Takes the striped dress off her shoulders
And heal deep wounds
Wipe the tears from swollen eyes.
Keep your head up, Russian girls!
Be Russian everywhere, everywhere!
Not long to wait, not long -
And we will be on Russian soil.

The former prisoner Germaine Tillon in her memoirs gave a peculiar description of Russian women prisoners of war who ended up in Ravensbrück: “... their solidarity was explained by the fact that they had gone through army school even before being captured. They were young, strong, neat, honest, and also rather rude and uneducated. There were also intellectuals (doctors, teachers) among them - friendly and attentive. In addition, we liked their disobedience, unwillingness to obey the Germans.

Women prisoners of war were also sent to other concentration camps. Prisoner of Auschwitz A. Lebedev recalls that paratroopers Ira Ivannikova, Zhenya Saricheva, Viktorina Nikitina, doctor Nina Kharlamova and nurse Claudia Sokolova were kept in the women's camp.
In January 1944, for refusing to sign an agreement to work in Germany and move into the category of civilian workers, more than 50 female prisoners of war from the camp in Chelm were sent to Majdanek. Among them were doctor Anna Nikiforova, military paramedics Efrosinya Tsepennikova and Tonya Leontyeva, infantry lieutenant Vera Matyutskaya.
Navigator of the air regiment Anna Egorova, whose plane was shot down over Poland, shell-shocked, with a burnt face, was captured and kept in the Kyustrinsky camp.
Despite the death reigning in captivity, despite the fact that any connection between male and female prisoners of war was forbidden, where they worked together, most often in camp infirmaries, love was sometimes born that gave new life. As a rule, in such rare cases, the German leadership of the infirmary did not interfere with childbirth. After the birth of the child, the mother-prisoner of war was either transferred to the status of a civilian, released from the camp and released at the place of residence of her relatives in the occupied territory, or returned with the child to the camp.
So, from the documents of the Stalag camp infirmary No. 352 in Minsk, it is known that “the nurse Sindeva Alexandra, who arrived at the City Hospital for childbirth on February 23, 1942, left with her child for the Rollbahn prisoner of war camp.”

Probably one of the last photographs of Soviet female soldiers who were taken prisoner by the Germans, 1943 or 1944:


Both were awarded medals, the girl on the left - "For Courage" (dark edging on the block), the second may have "BZ". There is an opinion that these are female pilots, but - IMHO - it is unlikely: both have "clean" shoulder straps of privates.

In 1944, the attitude towards women prisoners of war hardened. They are subjected to new tests. In accordance with the general provisions on the testing and selection of Soviet prisoners of war, on March 6, 1944, the OKW issued a special order "On the treatment of Russian women prisoners of war." This document stated that Soviet women prisoners of war held in camps should be subjected to checks by the local Gestapo branch in the same way as all newly arriving Soviet prisoners of war. If, as a result of a police check, the political unreliability of female prisoners of war is revealed, they should be released from captivity and handed over to the police.
On the basis of this order, on April 11, 1944, the head of the Security Service and the SD issued an order to send unreliable female prisoners of war to the nearest concentration camp. After being delivered to a concentration camp, such women were subjected to the so-called "special treatment" - liquidation. This is how Vera Panchenko-Pisanetskaya died - the eldest of a group of seven hundred female prisoners of war who worked at a military factory in the city of Gentin. A lot of marriage was produced at the plant, and during the investigation it turned out that Vera led the sabotage. In August 1944 she was sent to Ravensbrück and hanged there in the autumn of 1944.
In the Stutthof concentration camp in 1944, 5 Russian senior officers were killed, including a female major. They were taken to the crematorium - the place of execution. First, the men were brought in and shot one after the other. Then a woman. According to a Pole who worked in the crematorium and understood Russian, the SS man, who spoke Russian, mocked the woman, forcing her to follow his commands: “right, left, around ...” After that, the SS man asked her: “Why did you do this? ” What she did, I never found out. She replied that she did it for the motherland. After that, the SS man slapped him in the face and said: "This is for your homeland." The Russian spat in his eyes and replied: “And this is for your homeland.” There was confusion. Two SS men ran up to the woman and began to push her alive into the furnace for burning corpses. She resisted. Several more SS men ran up. The officer shouted: “Into her furnace!” The oven door was open and the heat set the woman's hair on fire. Despite the fact that the woman vigorously resisted, she was placed on a cart for burning corpses and pushed into the oven. This was seen by all the prisoners who worked in the crematorium. Unfortunately, the name of this heroine remains unknown.
________________________________________ ____________________

Yad Vashem archive. M-33/1190, l. 110.

There. M-37/178, l. 17.

There. M-33/482, l. 16.

There. M-33/60, l. 38.

There. M-33/303, l 115.

There. M-33/309, l. 51.

There. M-33/295, l. 5.

There. M-33/302, l. 32.

P. Rafes. They didn't repent then. From Notes of the Translator of Divisional Intelligence. "Spark". Special issue. M., 2000, No. 70.

Archive Yad Vashem. M-33/1182, l. 94-95.

Vladislav Smirnov. Rostov nightmare. - "Spark". M., 1998. No. 6.

Archive Yad Vashem. M-33/1182, l. eleven.

Yad Vashem archive. M-33/230, l. 38.53.94; M-37/1191, l. 26

B. P. Sherman. ... And the earth was horrified. (About the atrocities of the German fascists in the city of Baranovichi and its environs on June 27, 1941 - July 8, 1944). Facts, documents, evidence. Baranovichi. 1990, p. 8-9.

S. M. Fischer. Memories. Manuscript. Author's archive.

K. Kromiadi. Soviet prisoners of war in Germany... p. 197.

T. S. Pershina. Fascist genocide in Ukraine 1941-1944… p. 143.

Archive Yad Vashem. M-33/626, l. 50-52. M-33/627, sheet. 62-63.

N. Lemeshchuk. I didn't bow my head. (On the activities of the anti-fascist underground in the Nazi camps) Kyiv, 1978, p. 32-33.

There. E. L. Klemm, shortly after returning from the camp, after endless calls to the state security agencies, where they sought her confession of betrayal, committed suicide

G. S. Zabrodskaya. The will to win. On Sat. "Witnesses for the Prosecution". L. 1990, p. 158; S. Muller. Locksmith team Ravensbrück. Memoirs of a Prisoner No. 10787. M., 1985, p. 7.

Women of Ravensbrück. M., 1960, p. 43, 50.

G. S. Zabrodskaya. The will to win... p. 160.

S. Muller. Locksmith team Ravensbrück ... p. 51-52.

Women of Ravensbrück… p.127.

G. Vaneev. Heroines of the Sevastopol fortress. Simferopol. 1965, p. 82-83.

G. S. Zabrodskaya. The will to win... p. 187.

N. Tsvetkova. 900 days in fascist dungeons. In: In Fascist dungeons. Notes. Minsk. 1958, p. 84.

A. Lebedev. Soldiers of a small war ... p. 62.

A. Nikiforova. This shouldn't happen again. M., 1958, p. 6-11.

N. Lemeshchuk. Head not bowed... p. 27. In 1965, A. Egorova was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Archive Yad Vashem. М-33/438 part II, l. 127.

A. Stream. Die Behandlung sowjetischer Kriegsgefengener… S. 153.

A. Nikiforova. This must not happen again... p. 106.

A. Stream. Die Behandlung sowjetischer Kriegsgefengener…. S. 153-154.

During the occupation of the territory of the SRSR, the Nazis constantly resorted to various kinds of torture. All torture was allowed at the state level. The law also constantly increased repression against representatives of a non-Aryan nation - torture had an ideological basis.

Prisoners of war and partisans, as well as women, were subjected to the most cruel torture. An example of the inhuman torture of women by the Nazis is the actions that the Germans used against the captured underground worker Anela Chulitskaya.

The Nazis locked this girl every morning in a cell, where she was subjected to monstrous beatings. The rest of the prisoners heard her screams, which tore apart the soul. Anel was already being taken out when she lost consciousness and thrown like garbage into a common cell. The rest of the captive women tried to alleviate her pain with compresses. Anel told the prisoners that she was hung from the ceiling, pieces of skin and muscles were cut out, beaten, raped, bones were broken and water was injected under the skin.

In the end, Anel Chulitskaya was killed, the last time her body was seen mutilated almost beyond recognition, her hands were cut off. Her body hung on one of the walls of the corridor for a long time, as a reminder and a warning.

The Germans even resorted to torture for singing in their cells. So Tamara Rusova was beaten because she sang songs in Russian.

Quite often, not only the Gestapo and the military resorted to torture. Captured women were also tortured by German women. There is information that refers to Tanya and Olga Karpinsky, who were mutilated beyond recognition by a certain Frau Boss.

Fascist torture was varied, and each of them was more inhumane than the other. Often women were not allowed to sleep for several days, even weeks. They were deprived of water, the women suffered from dehydration, and the Germans forced them to drink very salty water.

Women were very often underground, and the struggle against such actions was severely punished by the Nazis. They always tried to suppress the underground as quickly as possible, and for this they resorted to such cruel measures. Also, women worked in the rear of the Germans, obtained various information.

Basically, torture was carried out by Gestapo soldiers (Third Reich police), as well as SS soldiers (elite fighters personally subordinate to Adolf Hitler). In addition, the so-called "policemen" resorted to torture - collaborators who controlled order in the settlements.

Women suffered more than men, as they succumbed to constant sexual harassment and numerous rapes. Often the rapes were gang rapes. After such bullying, girls were often killed so as not to leave traces. In addition, they were gassed and forced to bury the corpses.

As a conclusion, we can say that fascist torture did not only concern prisoners of war and men in general. The most cruel fascists were precisely to women. Many soldiers of Nazi Germany often raped the female population of the occupied territories. The soldiers were looking for a way to "have fun". Besides, no one could stop the Nazis from doing it.

Why modern Germans launched a campaign about “raped German women” and how German fascists raped and killed women and children in the Soviet occupied territories. What do you know about the German genocide of Soviet citizens during the Second World War?

Author Olga Talantseva, candidate of cultural studies, professor, author of more than 70 scientific works, including two scientific monographs, a member of the scientific and methodological commission for the examination of dissertations at the RIVSH, an expert site.

It is strange that many years after the Second World War, modern Germans were suddenly overcome with grief about "German women raped by Soviet soldiers." Apparently, the Germans, who are constantly reminded of war crimes, also wanted to accuse at least someone of something. But the Americans and the British, who literally wiped Dresden and other German cities with their civilians from the face of the earth with carpet bombing, are not to be blamed by the Germans according to their rank. In the same way, one cannot blame the Czechs and Poles, who committed the most massive and brutal deportation of the 20th century - the post-war expulsion of ethnic Germans from their countries. During the period of the deportation, from 12 to 14 million Germans were expelled, of which up to 2 million died. Many of them were raped German women. The Poles were especially fierce in this regard. They raped and killed German women on deportation marches. German women were also raped in the concentration camps for the Germans set up by the Poles, left to restore the economy destroyed by the war. But in today's tolerant Europe, it is not customary to condemn one's neighbor. That's what the Russians are for.

Yes, there were separate rapes of German women during the war by both American soldiers and Russian soldiers. But neither there nor there they did not acquire a mass character. For the rape of German women, Soviet soldiers were severely punished by their own command, even someone was shot for a crime.

• “In reality, the statistically inevitable cases of crimes among the fighters of the Red Army,” write our modern historians, who objectively examine the history of the war of 1941-1945, “were not widespread and were condemned by official propaganda and military justice. /.../ The myth about them was actively spread by German military propaganda at the final stage of the war in order to mobilize the efforts of the population to resist the anti-Hitler coalition.

• After the war, the propaganda samples of the Goebbels department were actively used by the United States against the USSR, which was reflected in a number of "historical studies" that are subject to reasonable criticism by modern authors (The Great Slandered War. We have nothing to repent for! Collection. - M .: Yauza, Eksmo, 2008 ).

So the Germans today, quite in the spirit of Goebbels' propaganda, and the United States during the Cold War, began their campaign against Russia. Finally, they also had the long-awaited opportunity to win back at least someone and pour out their anger on someone for the lost war, constant reminders of the Nazi past and war crimes committed. However, the Nazi past in Germany, judging by the campaign of raped German women, is not forgotten at all, since all the same old methods of Goebbelian propaganda were used here.

However, the Germans also took something from the French. Tagline: "Come on, come on!", who accompanied this next campaign against the Russians, is clearly licked off from the phrase "Quick, quick!", which became the running gear of the French during the war with Napoleon. According to legend, this phrase originates from Russian Cossacks, who, due to the rapid advance on Paris, ran into roadside restaurants and asked for food to be served as quickly as possible: "Quickly, quickly." From the Russian word "quickly" in the French dictionary, a new word "bistro" appeared - meaning a small fast food restaurant.

But if the French have the phrase "quickly, quickly!" is historically reliable, then for the Germans its analogue "come on, come on!" is a modern remake . i.e. another fabrication in the spirit of that lie, which today comes in fetid streams to Russia from the West . So in Germany, a start was set for the campaign “about raped German women”, who, of course, were raped by Russians.

The Russian people themselves are usually forgiving and do not blame modern Germans for what their grandfathers and fathers did on Soviet soil. We do not blame modern Germans. But what their grandfathers and fathers did on our land is impossible to forgive. And these crimes have no statute of limitations. Never! As there is no forgiveness for the crimes of the German fascists who raped Soviet women, young girls and even children, after which they were brutally killed.

A certain British lady Gibb in the autumn of 1944, as reported in the book about the war "What they fought for Soviet people"(M., 2007) historian A. R. Dyukov, wrote a letter where appealed to tolerance and asked for reconciliation between Russians and Germans. She wrote this appeal of hers when the Red Army approached the borders of the Third Reich. The letter of the English human rights activist was also published in the Soviet press. The response in our country to this letter was enormous. Hundreds of Red Army soldiers responded to it. Here are fragments from these letters, published in their entirety in the book of the historian A. R. Dyukov.

Private Zakharov:

“Our people do not take revenge and do not forgive, they judge. If Lady Gibb lived in one of the cities occupied by the Germans, if she saw how the “nice” Germans raped her daughter, if her old mother was torn apart by tanks, if her dad died in the dungeons of the Gestapo, what would she say then? No, lady, you have no heart, you have no respect for your own people, suffering from the horrors of war."

Scout, junior lieutenant Zinchenko:

• "In 1941, German pilots at low level shot refugees. One landed - he was shot down, he was asked why he killed the children, and the corpses were shown to him. He replied: "The Fuhrer and Germany do not consider this."

Tanker Captain Fomenko:

"I have been fighting since the first day of the war. In front of my eyes in 1941, near Baranovichi, the Germans crushed about 70 women and children with caterpillars."

Second Lieutenant Zoomer:

• “The Germans took my relatives to the Kamenets-Podolsk highway, forced them to dig holes, then shot them, and threw the children alive into the graves ... When, after this, they openly come out in defense of child murderers, I will say: this is a shame for our era!”.

Lieutenant Ruzov:

“The Germans shot my son in Minsk. He was 16 months old. I want to ask the honorable lady: what did this child do against the so-called Third Empire?.. Every Red Army soldier knows that we are not going to Berlin for booty. We are going to judge the guilty, and this is not only in our interests, but in the interests of all freedom-loving peoples.”

Guard Sergeant Major Pronin:

• “/.../ Reading the lady's letter, I remembered how we entered the newly liberated village of Bukhalovo. There was no living soul there.

• In the first house we entered, we saw a child with twisted arms, he was lying in a pool of blood, next to the corpse of his mother ... If Lady Gibb and her like-minded people saw this picture, they would not dare to write about mercy ... "

Private Fomenko:

"/.../ Lady, do you know the girl Anna Tereshchenko from the village of Maiskaya on the Terek? No, you don't. And I was at her funeral.

When two red-haired Germans burst into her clean hut, she was washing. They grabbed her and raped her.

You, brought up on the best poets, can you imagine what it means to rape a proud Cossack woman? She laid hands on herself. And is it forgiven? I wish you all the best and advise you to do useful work for the good of your country, then you will not get into your head various bad thoughts.

Sergeant Vorobyov:

• “/.../ Passing by the village of Klina, we saw a terrible picture: village boys were shot under a hill, bullets in the back of the head, girls lay at a distance, raped, with their breasts cut off, an old man and an old woman strangled separately in a pit. What did they die for, Lady Gibb? Because they are Russian? I don't know if you have children, but we, the fathers and mothers of the Russian people, cannot forgive. /.../ I want you to understand that forgiving the Germans is out of the question.”

Sovinformburo reports

And this information about the women raped and executed by the Germans was taken from the wartime reports of the Soviet Information Bureau in the temporarily occupied territories of the Soviet Union (Georgy Zotov. How fanatical Germans raped Russian women).

16.07.41 :

From the testimony of Anna Mezheva and Galina Ostapenko, collective farmers of the agricultural artel " New life". The women, who turned gray with grief, miraculously escaped from their village, told the commander of the unit, Major Bagdasarov, about fellow villagers brutally murdered by the Nazis and drunken German soldiers who brutally raped girls from their village.

22.07.41 :

• Soviet partisans delivered a group of women and children to the location of the Ensky part of the Red Army, recaptured during a raid by a partisan detachment on the village of F., captured by the Germans. Among the delivered residents of the village are eight girls aged 13 to 15 who were raped by drunken German soldiers and officers.

02.08.41 :

The thirteen-year-old daughter of a collective farmer, Zina G, was delivered to the field hospital of the Ensky part of the Red Army, operating in the southwestern direction. The girl was brutally raped by a German officer. As a medical examination showed, the fascist rapist infected the girl with syphilis.

09.08.41 :

• The worker of the shell factory "Aida" comrade. I. Bryantsev writes: “Thirty Stakhanovites and activists of the Lviv garment factory No. 1 were killed by stormtroopers at night in their apartments.

• Drunken German soldiers dragged girls and young women from Lvov to Kosciuszko Park and brutally raped them. 15-year-old schoolgirl Lydia S. was raped in turn by seven German tankers.

• The tormented corpse of the unfortunate girl was thrown by the Nazis into the trash at house number 18 on Slovatskogo Street.. The old priest V. L. Pomaznev, who, with a cross in his hands, begged to spare the population and tried to prevent violence against girls, the Nazis beat him, tore off his cassock, burned his beard and stabbed him with a bayonet.

14.08.41 :

Bursting into the village of Berestovets in the Uman direction, the Germans raped all the women and girls. Having abused the collective farmers Ulyana Rybalova and Elena Kozhumyak, the fascist officers shot them.

27.08.41 :

• In the village of P. in the Smolensk direction, drunken German soldiers broke into huts, seized and raped women. Men who stood up for their wives and daughters were killed.

07.09.41 :

Having captured Dnepropetrovsk, the Nazis brutally dealt with the inhabitants who did not have time to leave the city. /.../ On Bolshaya Bazarnaya Street, drunken Nazi soldiers detained three women. Tying them to poles, the Germans wildly abused them, and then killed them.

09.09.41 :

• On the territory of the regions of Ukraine occupied by the Germans, the Nazis continue to commit excesses, kill hundreds and thousands of Soviet citizens, rape girls and women, and rob the population. In the village of Selishche, Kanevsky district, Kyiv region, the Nazis gathered a group of women and girls, took them into the forest, and there they were brutally raped.

11.09.41 :

In the village of Khanino, a group of German officers threw a drunken party, to which they dragged a local teacher and raped her one by one. 16-year-old collective farmer Ch. was raped by five German soldiers.

The Nazis gathered all the girls and young women from Tokarevo and the surrounding villages and drove them away in an unknown direction. None of them have returned home yet.

18.09.41 :

• In the village of Ekaterinovka, Pervomaisky district Odessa region the Germans broke into the house of the chairman of the rural consumer society and took away his daughters, then abused the girls and brutally tortured them.

16.09.41 :

The monstrous atrocities of the Nazis were reported by a resident of the city of Luga, Alexei Petrovich Orekhov, who fled from Nazi captivity. “As soon as the Nazi bandits entered the city,” says Comrade. Nuts, - the executions of the civilian population began. /.../ On the very first evening, the Nazis caught 8 girls on the street and raped them.”

05.10.41 :

• In the village of Borodaevka, Verkhnedneprovsky district, Dnepropetrovsk region, the Nazis raped all young women and girls. Collective farmer Tatyana Galushko says: “For three days the Germans rampaged in our village.

• /.../ They destroyed and burned 13 huts. The monsters seized women, raped them. They caught my daughter and in front of my eyes, not paying attention to my cries and tears, they bullied her for a long time.

04.11.41 :

Capturing the village of Akimovka /.../, the fascist scoundrels brutally abused Agafonova. They raped her, and then subjected her to the most painful tortures, cut off her breasts, and pierced her whole body. Fascist monsters did not spare even the young children of Agafonova. When they were about to leave, the Nazi bandits killed her four-year-old son Vasya and two-year-old daughter Shura.

18.11.41 :

• In the village of Nerki, the Nazis raped and tortured to death the peasant women Zhigalova, Serikov and Urupina. In the village of Holmy, fascist monsters brutally tortured six fifteen-year-old girls.

16.12.41 :

Residents of the villages and towns of the Moscow Region, liberated by the Red Army, say: “In the village of Puchki, the collective farmer Terekhin Ivan Gavrilovich was walking with his wife Polina Borisovna. Several German soldiers grabbed Polina and, in front of her husband, they raped her in turn, and then killed her.

The collective farmer Terekhin, who was trying to protect his wife, was also shot.. In the village of Generalskaya, the Nazis raped, then tortured and shot Nadezhda Gurtovaya and her 14-year-old daughter.

25.12.41 :

• In the village of Voronki, the Germans placed 40 wounded Red Army prisoners and Soviet nurses in a former hospital. The Nazis raped and shot the nurses, and sent guards to the hospital and did not let anyone in.

• Some of the patients died after 4 days.. The survivors were drowned in the river.

01.01.42 :

The 60-year-old peasant Arkatov, who lives in the village of Sloboda, now liberated from the Germans, in the Novopetrovsky district, Moscow region, said: “The Germans shot many peasants of the village. The Nazis raped the pregnant Evdokia T. two weeks before giving birth.

02.04.42 :

• In the village of Glazunovka, Kharkov region, the Germans burned 16 collective farmers alive, including three children. The Nazis took 83 civilians with them. In the village of Geevka, the Nazis raped many women.

03.01.42 :

In the village of Masleno, Moscow Region, after the departure of the Nazis, the bodies of 8 women and one 14-year-old boy were found. The women were raped and then killed. The unfortunate ones had their noses cut off, their faces were cut, one woman's stomach was torn open.

09.01.42 :

• Retreating from the village of Mazikino, the Nazi monsters burned down all the huts, and the peasants who tried to put out the fire were shot. The Germans burned four children near the peasant woman of this village Shmakova D.M. In the village of Myasoedovo, the Nazis drove 12 women into a barn, raped them and shot them.

11.01.42 :

In the village of Peresheek, Lyadsky district, Leningrad region, the German invaders staged a wild pogrom. /.../ After the robbery, several girls were raped, and then the entire village was burned.

16.01.42 :

• In the village of Slobodino, Moscow Region, the Nazis from the punitive detachment gathered a group of girls and young women, raped them without exception and shot 15 of their victims.

20.01.42 :

In the village of Chernaya Gryaz, Ugodsko-Zavodsky district, Moscow region, the Nazi scoundrels shot 30 peasants, and the corpses were hung on trees along the road. In the same village, fascist bandits raped and then brutally killed two women - E. Soloninkova and K. Erokhin.

27.01.42 :

• In the village of Myasoyedovo, Kursk region, the Germans burned all the houses. During the fire, one peasant woman carried two of her children out of the burning house, laid them on the street, and she ran to save the others.

• The Nazis passing along the street grabbed both children and threw them into the hole in the river.. Before retreating from this village, the German bandits raped 12 women and girls and then shot them.

19.04.42 :

On the outskirts of the village of Chervinskaya Luka, Leningrad Region, liberated from Nazi invaders, 63 corpses of old people, women and children were found. All corpses are doused with water and frozen.

Several women were raped and then bayoneted. Many of the corpses had their fingers cut off and their legs twisted. Two women have their breasts cut off.

13.06.42 :

• The captured chief corporal of the 171st regiment of the 56th German infantry division, Gustav Lanz, said: “I witnessed the atrocities committed by the soldiers of the Great Germany regiment. In early April, we replaced this regiment in the villages of Rzhevka and Melehovo.

• In Rzhevka, I saw 15 burnt corpses of local residents. Among the tortured were old men, women and children. In one house on the outskirts of the village of Melekhova, six dead women lay. The soldiers abused them and then strangled them.”

16.07.42 :

In the village of Lugan Oryol region the Nazis tortured 20 local residents. The executioners shot the teacher Anna Fedoseevna Korotchenko, 23 years old, her son Vyacheslav, 2.5 years old, and mother Praskovya Ivanovna, 53 years old. The Nazi scoundrels raped the teacher Anna Konstantinovna Kozhanova, and then shot her along with her 5-year-old son Viktor and 7-year-old daughter Lyudmila.

17.07.42 :

• Nazi scoundrels plundered and burned the village of Aleshok, Oryol region. The Nazis tortured and shot many peasants.

• Bursting into the house of the collective farmer Kazakov Anton Ivanovich, the executioners first killed five of his children, and then shot Kazakov's wife and himself. Hitler's beasts abused the 17-year-old girl Maria Potanchikova, and then shot her.

06.11.42 :

Nazi bastards destroyed and burned to the ground the village of Soltanovka, Oryol region. The Germans tortured and shot dozens of villagers.

19-year-old collective farmer Anna Matyushkina was raped by Nazi monsters, and then they cut out her breasts, cut off her ears and shot her. The bandits burned the doctor of the local hospital Alexandra Alekseevna Malinovskaya alive.

17.11.42 :

• The German fascist fiends committed a wild and heinous crime in the village of Trosna, Kursk region. The Nazis drove a group of girls from the surrounding villages to this village to send them to hard labor in Germany.

• Here all the girls were locked in a barn. At night, a German military unit passed through the village. Fascist scoundrels broke into the barn and abused the Soviet girls who were in it.

• A brutal massacre was committed by Nazi bastards in the village of Boyarka, near Kiev. The Nazis drove 15 teenage girls into the school building, abused their victims, and then hung them on telegraph poles.

12.01.43 :

From the act on the atrocities of the Nazi scoundrels in the village of Balabolkino, Kalinin region: “Before retreating from the village of Balabolkino, the German invaders drove the inhabitants into the street and shot them in front of everyone. /.../ Several German soldiers dragged aside the young collective farmer Yevdokia Novikova, publicly abused her, and then shot her with a machine gun.

13.01.43 :

• From the act on the bloody atrocities of the Germans in the city of Nalchik, the capital of the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: “Having broken into the city last autumn, the Nazis began to rob the population and kill civilians. In the very first days, fascist monsters killed the wife of the Red Army soldier Shaulov and his five children aged from 5 months to 11 years, shot Mikho Shamilov and his 10-year-old son and many other residents of the city.

• Fascist rapists abused 14-year-old schoolgirl V., raped 16-year-old girl N. After some time, the German military authorities began mass execution and extermination of civilians - Russians, Kabardians, Balkars, Ossetians, Georgians, Jews and others. On January 5, 1943, after the Red Army units entered the city, 6 kilometers from the city, in anti-tank ditches and in a distant cemetery, we found over 600 corpses tormented and mutilated by the Germans.

• The Nazi bandits cut off the arms, legs, ears of many victims, and gouged out their eyes.. Among the victims of fascist executioners a large number of children. According to preliminary data, at least 2 thousand civilians of Nalchik died at the hands of the Nazi robbers.

14.01.43 :

From the act of the atrocities of the German-Italian fascists in the village of Smagleevka, Voronezh region: “Having captured the village, the Nazis drove the entire population to the square, stripped everyone naked and searched. /.../ The Germans and Italians grabbed women and girls and raped them. A gang of drunken soldiers shot Natalya Lozovaya, who stood up for her daughters.

16.03.43 :

• In the village of Sukhodol, Smolensk region, fascist scoundrels drove a group of residents into one house. Hitler's executioners abused women, and then set fire to the house.

• I. Fomushkina with a baby, Evdokia Kotova, Ekaterina Fruntova and others burned down in the fire. A total of 24 people died, including 8 young children.

07.03.43 :

From the act of Nazi atrocities in the village of Kuban, Oryol region: /.../ Hitler's bastards raped Varvara Zh., abused Marina Melnikova, and then killed her.

07.04.43 :

• The Germans devastated and devastated the village of Podmosh'e in the Smolensk region. The Nazis spared neither women nor children. /.../ Teacher Anna Konyukhova was shot by bandits because she resisted a German who tried to rape her.

20.04.43 :

In the village of Peski, Leningrad Region, Nazi killers hanged the collective farmer Ivan Morozov and burned his house because he hid his daughter from a German officer who wanted to rape her. Sixteen-year-old girl Nastya Zemskova hit a German officer who was molesting her and said: “You can’t see Moscow or Leningrad, like a pig can’t see the sky.”

The Nazis grabbed the girl and took away. Since then, nothing is known about her fate.

06.07.43 :

• In the forest outside the village of Belaya, Vitebsk region, the Nazis shot 86 old people, women and children. In the village of Starina, the Germans burned 24 collective farmers alive. Fascist scoundrels in the same village raped several girls and then killed them.

24.12.42 :

The Germans perpetrated a massacre of civilians in the villages of Snorki and Golovitsy, Smolensk region. In the village of Snorki, the Nazis burned 16 houses along with the people who were in them. 70 people burned alive.

Fascist monsters raped 17-year-old collective farmer Alexandra Gvardeytseva. After vile bullying, they cut off her breasts and shot her.

In the village of Golovitsy, German bandits shot the collective farmer Maria Zabolotskaya with three children aged from one to six years old. A one-year-old child was shot dead in his mother's arms.

The entire Denisenkova family, consisting of five adults and a two-year-old child, was shot.. In total, in these villages, the Nazis shot, brutally tortured and burned 166 innocent women, children and the elderly.

And now about the atrocities of the Germans against women prisoners of war: doctors, nurses, liaisons, etc. In his memoirs, the German officer Bruno Schneider told what kind of instruction German soldiers went through before being sent to the Russian front. Regarding the women of the Red Army, the order stated one thing: “Shoot!”(Fascist atrocities against Russian women).

This was done in many German units. Among those who died in battles and encirclement, a huge number of bodies of women in Red Army uniforms were found.

Among them are many nurses, female paramedics . Traces on their bodies testified that many were brutally tortured and then shot.

Torture was used for women prisoners of war, the cruelty of which medieval inquisitors could only envy: they were put on a stake, stuffed insides with hot red pepper, etc. Often they were mocked by German commandants, many of whom were distinguished by obvious sadistic inclinations.

In addition to these atrocities, Red Army women were constantly subjected to rape. The highest military ranks of the Wehrmacht were forbidden to have intimate relations with the Slavs, so they did it secretly. The rank and file had a certain freedom here. After the discovery of some female Red Army soldier or nurse, she could be raped by a whole company of soldiers. If the girl did not die after that, she was shot.

Residents of Smagleevka ( Voronezh region) were told after their release in 1943:

• At the beginning of the war, a young Red Army girl died a terrible death in our village. She was badly injured. Despite this, they stripped her naked, dragged her out onto the road and shot her.

• On the body of the unfortunate were horrific traces of torture. Before her death, her breasts were cut off, her entire face and hands were completely cut to pieces. The woman's body was a continuous bloody mess.

• They did the same with Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. Before the demonstration execution, the Nazis kept her half-naked in the cold for hours.

Not only did the torture undermine the morale and last strength of the exhausted women, but also the lack of basic hygiene. There was no talk of any washing for the prisoners. Insect bites and purulent infections were added to the wounds. Military women knew how the Nazis treated them, and therefore fought to the last.

Ilya Ehrenburg, in his February 1943 column, gives the example of Kursk, which at that moment had just been liberated by the Red Army:

“Schools were closed. The theaters were closed. Libraries closed. What did they discover? House of tolerance on Nevsky street. Opened solemnly. Herr Dr. Vogt delivered a speech: "We bring fun to the icy desert." They didn't bring any fun. They brought the infection.

Before the war, syphilis completely disappeared in Kursk. The Germans have infected Kursk. According to German statistics, between 70 and 80 cases of venereal diseases were registered among the civilian population in a decade. The sick were sent to the city prison. Over a hundred of them were killed by the Germans.

These syphilitic baboons left behind not only ruins and a ditch in Shchetinka (place of mass executions in the Kursk region. - RP). They left a terrible infection.” The historian of the German occupation, Boris Kovalev, confirms Ehrenburg's correctness: the Kursk archives contain a huge number of registration cards of residents who contracted venereal diseases during the occupation.

The creation of brothels in the occupied territories, like all the Germans, was clearly organized and worked like a conveyor belt. As soon as the German soldiers and officers had a few days of rest, wherever they were staying, temporary brothels were organized for them, where young girls, sometimes just children, were forcibly driven. In large cities, permanent brothels were created for them.

For nine years, the Berlin scholar Sommer Robert studied documents scattered through the archives and memorial complexes various countries, talked with victims of sexual exploitation and eyewitnesses who have survived to this day, on the basis of which he wrote the book "Borthel in a concentration camp" (Sommer Robert. Brothel in a concentration camp "/ Taboo of the Second World War). The scientist debunked the myth that the National Socialists fought against prostitution. Rather, the regime sought total control over a highly profitable business. A whole network of brothels that covered half of Europe and the occupied territories of the USSR in those years, which were controlled by the authorities of Nazi Germany, brought huge income to the Nazis.

• "In the army of the Third Reich there was whole system sexual service, - writes Russian journalist Andrey Vasilchenko in his study "Prostitution in the Third Reich" (http://myrt.ru/history). - Everything was taken into account and calculated: for each prostitute, "production standards" were set, and they were not taken from the ceiling, but scientifically substantiated.

• /.../ By the way, only soldiers' and sergeants' brothels moved directly behind the troops. They settled in a village or town not far from the unit where the soldier received his leave. The same officers, who could not go far, were delivered prostitutes ...

• on house. In soldiers' brothels across the state, it was supposed to have prostitutes in the ratio: one per 100 soldiers. For sergeants, this figure was reduced to 75.

• But in the officer's one prostitute served 50 officers. /.../ After entering this job, the girls received the status of "cultural figure", which assumed the presence of special documents and a special serial number. From that moment on, their lives were strictly regulated. They constantly lived in a brothel.

• Visits to the doctor or hairdresser, they could make only accompanied by a specially assigned officer or soldier. Even this way of moving around the city was strictly determined by the occupiers - not a step to the side.

• If a pregnancy was discovered in an “art critic” from a brothel, then the girl was obliged to work for another three months "(http://myrt.ru/history). When a German battleship moored in any port occupied by the Germans, then hard work began in the brothels of the German occupiers, women "simply remained lying in their rooms, processing up to five dozen sailors a day."

The concentration camps had their own brothels. In conditions of mass starvation, exhausting work and high mortality, some of the women went there voluntarily, others were sent to this "work" by force.

“It is unimaginable that these women had to endure: humiliation, punishment, isolation, discrimination and disease. If the women's sex appeal was used up, they were sick or pregnant, they were exchanged like a thing for new ones.

And those who worked out were sent back to the concentration camp, where, if they were not shot or gassed, they died of venereal diseases. (Sommer Robert. A brothel in a concentration camp. // Taboo of the Second World War).

As regards the occupied zones of the Soviet Union, here entertainment establishments had to be created in a new way . They weren't. On the front line, on the outskirts of Leningrad, there were bloody battles, and in the quiet rear, the Germans settled down and tried to create comfortable conditions for recreation and leisure.

• “A German soldier must eat on time, wash himself and relieve sexual tension,” many Wehrmacht commanders reasoned. To solve the latter problem, brothels were created in large occupied cities and meeting rooms at German canteens and restaurants, and free prostitution was also allowed. (Robert Sommer "The Brothel in the Concentration Camp" // Taboo of the Second World War).

In brothels, the racial origin of women no longer mattered. What mattered was their attractiveness. Women were brought there by severe hunger. The Germans, who occupied Soviet cities and villages, completely robbed everything that people had. Women in brothels worked literally for a loaf of bread, often to feed their children. In some canteens and restaurants where German soldiers dined, there were so-called visiting rooms. Waitresses, dishwashers, in addition to the main work in the kitchen and in the hall, had to additionally provide sexual services and also for bread.

It wasn't always about the food. The Germans simply forced some women into cohabitation, intimidating them with the possibility of shooting their children and relatives. In addition to brothels, street prostitution appeared in the occupied territory. For some women, it has become the only way to avoid hunger, to feed their young children or sick parents. After the war average The incidence of syphilis was 174.6 people per 100,000 population. It took Soviet medicine 10 years to return it to the pre-war level (3.5 cases per 100 thousand people) (https://dandorfman.livejournal.com/584236.html).

Note that the Lithuanians, Estonians and Latvians sometimes surpassed the Germans in their cruelty.

Watch the video of the famous historian Yegor Yakovlev about early stages German genocide:

The only surviving diary of an Ostarbeiter girl from the USSR was published in the “Edition of Elena Shubina”. A young woman from Kursk, Alexandra Mikhaleva, was driven away by the Germans to work in 1942, where she stayed until the end of the war and all this time wrote down what happened to her.

An excerpt from the diary of an Ostarbeiter girl

1942

June 5

At 6 o'clock the train started from the Kursk station. It included Russian young people going to Germany to work. We're riding in a freight car, 43 girls. Got to know many. Our best travel companions. Vera is a smart, reasonable, good girl in all respects, Zina. We all sleep side by side on straw.

June 7

At 10 o'clock we arrived in Minsk, got some soup and, after eating, went to bed. For each pasture, a German soldier is assigned - a brigadier. It is interesting how the Belarusians looked at us, looking out of the cars. It was Sunday. The residents were all dressed up in festive costumes. Many older women wept as they looked at us.

June 8

We drove all night and early in the morning we were already in Poland.

Polish Jews work at Polish stations. Young boys and girls, marked with yellow stars in front and behind.

Russian prisoners are working everywhere, and we are going farther and farther from our homeland. It's already the 3rd day. We received only about 1 kg of bread, we drank tea once.

It is now 10 o'clock in the morning, the train stops in Baranovichi. We ate here, this time a good soup. We drive through fields and forests for many hours in a row. Finally, at half past five, we arrived in the Polish city of Volkovysk, a nice, small town badly destroyed by German bombs.

My [cousin] Gali's nose bled from the long drive, she was crying.

the 9th of June

At 5 o'clock in the morning we arrived in Bialystok. Here we passed the medical commission. Previously, our heads were examined in front of her, they were smeared with some kind of ointment and then bathed. Then they gave the soup to eat and, having seated again in freight cars, only without straw, they drove on. At night, the carriage was especially crowded. Without straw it turned out to be very difficult to sleep.

I woke up at dawn, the train was approaching the capital of Poland - Warsaw. A huge city divided by a river into western and eastern parts. Lots of factories and plants. The industrial areas have been heavily bombed.

June 11

We are approaching the German border. Small towns and villages flash by. The fields are neatly marked, cleanly processed.

At 5 pm we arrived in the German city of Halle. We stood at the station for a long time. Then we were led through the streets of the city to a bathhouse. We walked in a long column of three people in a row. Many of us were rural - poorly, shabby, clumsily dressed. Luxuriously dressed German women with bizarre hairdos walked through the streets and proudly held their beautiful swollen heads high.

The streets are paved and lined with large brick buildings. Everything is gray and gloomy, gloomy and strict, like the inhabitants themselves. No loud laughter, no friendly smile was met here. In general, the population looks at us as a burden - probably, the radio said that we came to them voluntarily - to escape from hunger.

In fact, only the 1st echelon left our region voluntarily. The rest - and our echelon was the 5th in a row - were sent by force, according to subpoenas.

After the bath, we walked for a long time through the streets of the city with suitcases, village streets with bags, and finally came to a provincial area, to wooden houses built for us, though clean, with bunks for sleeping. I really wanted to eat. We ate, even when we were on the road, at 12 noon we drank coffee with bread and after that we got nothing more, went to bed hungry.

12 June

Woke up early. The sides hurt - it was hard to sleep on plank beds. Having built everyone, they handed each three a loaf of bread. It was very cold and overcast. The sky is cold, grey, inhospitable. We stand in the yard and crush bread.

Soon they take us to the commission - already the 3rd in a row. The commission is not strict, they do not stop for a long time - they quickly throw it aside as suitable. We returned to the barracks. Terribly hungry.

Frozen and wet, we did not immediately enter the barracks, because the bosses came to take the workforce. They looked at us and talked. They began to count. We were very worried - we were afraid that we would be separated. In our group were almost all urban. One batch was taken to the fields. We, a group of 70 people, were taken by the factory chief and another manufacturer. At first, our host - an old man with thin lips and blue, really good-natured, sly eyes - was liked by everyone.

Our hosts took us to the station - very beautiful, well-lit, large. We had to go to another city. We boarded the passenger train, still hungry and tired from the long walk.

An interesting incident happened on the train. There were two girls in the car with us. They began to show us photographs, including photographs of German soldiers. In the carriage, talking animatedly and eating a biscuit, sat a German girl in a railway suit. When one of the German photographs was in my hands, this girl jumped up and, taking the card from my hands, glanced quickly, and blushed greatly. Then she read what was written on the back of the card and in a changed voice asked whose card, from whom. And since the Russian girl did not know what these questions led to, and, in addition, she was confused, she answered: my friend.

The German girl began to talk to the German in an excited voice. Then the German took everything german photos from a Russian girl, explaining that a German soldier should not give cards and that if the police see a soldier’s card from a Russian girl, then the soldier’s head will be cut off.

Actually, it wasn't. The soldier turned out to be the fiance of this German girl. We understood this from her conversation with the German.

So in the same car came together German and Russian girls - rivals in love.

We drove on. There were two transfers. On one of them we were divided. One owner took 25 people for himself, the other - 45. Galya, Yulia and our best fellow travelers got to the last one. And our neighbors, two sisters - Galya and Zoya - to the first.

It was very embarrassing. We asked to join them to us, but they did not even listen to us.

It was 10 pm. We went out to the platform. The village girls could not immediately line up in a row of three. They were confused. Yes, and the city, too, did not behave cheekily, it turned out turmoil. The owner was angry. He hit one of the village girls in the face. He got angry and yelled at us like a flock of sheep. Soon we were all put into a large freight car - dirty and dark - and, having closed the doors, we were taken further.

After driving a little, we got out of the car and went to the factory. With what a heavy, heartbreaking feeling we crossed the threshold of the plant. There was the sound of cars. We were taken to a working dining room - simple tables, no luxury. They handed out a small piece of sandwich and strong coffee. Then they took me to the barracks. We liked the barracks after the road and the first barracks.

There were 12 girls in one room. There were 5 sleeping bunks in the room. There are 2 girls on each bed - upstairs and downstairs. After settling in, we went to bed.

June 13

Early in the morning we were awakened by a German woman - our boss. Having washed and cleaned the beds, we went in a group with a policeman at the head to the dining room. We drank cold coffee with a sandwich.

At 12 o'clock they ate soup without bread. It was bitter to watch how Russians, Ukrainians and other workers greedily ate the soup and, knocking each other down, climbed to the German cook for more.

At 4 o'clock, young girls who had arrived at this factory earlier came to us. They began to talk about the local order.

They brought fear and terror to us. Apparently they were being held captive. They talked a lot about their life in Ukraine. They are all so friendly and kind.

We are not working today. All the time they come to our room from other rooms, to look at us - newcomers. Then we all wrote letters home. It was very annoying that it was not possible to write freely. The letters were placed in an envelope and left open for inspection. Moreover, it was completely impossible to write to the home address. It was necessary to write to the commandant's office or to a German soldier.

The mood was very heavy. Many, remembering their relatives, wept. There were no words, no deeds to console, to soothe shattered nerves and a worried heart.

Will we ever return home now? What is our future? What is the outcome of this damned war, which made almost the whole world suffer. True, many live even better than before the war. These are people who are indifferent to the external environment. They don't care who wins - Russia or Hitler. They know how to live in prosperity and contentment under one or the other government. Especially during this war, people who did not participate in it at all became so rich and fat that they did not feel the suffering of others, did not notice the hunger and tears of others.

June 14th. Sunday

Nobody works. The weather is rainy and cold. We are chilly, we want to sleep, some kind of fatigue, laziness.

In general, how long we have been here, and whoever arrived here before, has not yet seen good, warm, sunny weather here. By evening the rain had stopped, but it was still cold. We were sitting under the window. The windows were all open, and girls were sitting in them, young guys were walking along the street behind the partition - Ukrainians, Croats and representatives of other nationalities who had worked in German factories for a long time. They stopped and talked to the girls. Many wanted to go out for a walk, run. But it was strictly forbidden to go beyond the fence.

Ukrainian girls, who quickly fell in love with us, vied with each other to invite us to their rooms. Having joined one of the groups of girls, we sang a Ukrainian song.

The guys stood and listened to us. Suddenly 3 German soldiers approached. One of them, coming close to one of the guys, asking him something, swung it in the face with a strong blow. Got another one too. The rest dispersed quickly.

The girls, frightened, fled. In the evening, having gathered in one room, we decided to have fun. Dance songs were sung, girls danced. It was fun. One girl was crying through laughter. To our songs, Croatian girls ran up to the windows, who were in a better position here than other nations, because the Ungar military fought together with the Germans against Russia. And our brothers and fathers were their enemies.

June 15

First day at the factory.

We were each placed at the car and ordered to closely monitor the progress of the work. The German worker, to whom I was assigned, looked at me, smiled and continued to work quickly, pressing the cogs, turning the wheel. I looked with uncomprehending eyes, trying to make my physiognomy smarter. I couldn’t even get a closer look at where it starts, what it leads to, and stood, deafened by the noise, watching how the machine moves with all its parts, like a living one.

Our barracks worked this week from 3 pm to 1 am with two breaks of half an hour. The girls, each standing by their car, blinked, smiled and showed signs that they could not understand anything.

Looking closer, I saw both the beginning and the end. The worker made me do the easiest part I could. Then he suggested even further, I tried, I was in a hurry, but I forgot what followed, and I got lost.

There was a break at 7 o'clock. Then we went back to the cars. Little by little, although often straying, I was able to do something. At 12 o'clock at night they began to finish.

My "teacher" began to clean, wipe the car. I tried to help him. On a dark night we walked towards the barracks, lit by a policeman's lantern.

22nd of June. Monday

This is the second week I've been working at a factory that makes weapons. We help the Germans in their struggle against our fathers and brothers. I worked with Galya in the revolving shop, on the machine. In this workshop, only Russian girls were behind this, in essence, male work. German girls and women worked in other workshops, in lighter sedentary work. These patriots of their “victorious motherland” came to the factory with pride and pleasure: in silks, crepe de chines, richly but tastelessly dressed, all with the same, twisted hairstyles, most of them were bow-legged, shapeless.

Today is the anniversary of the war between Germany and Russia. A year since the German troops crossed the Russian border. It has been almost 8 months since the Germans captured my hometown Kursk, how I do not see my own, beloved father.

Yesterday was Sunday, they took us for a walk. We walked 4 people in a row with a German matron. The town is wonderful, just a corner of paradise, surrounded by mountains, lush from continuous forests. Houses - clean, beautifully built, with balconies decorated with flowers - were almost invisible among the forests. Very nice, cozy in this place Walterhausen.

Already the 2nd day we all feel hungry. Especially on Sunday. At 10 in the morning they gave 50 g of bread with coffee, at 12 for two they gave out a plate of potatoes, rotten and smelly, and a ladle of gravy, and the “feeding” ended at 7 in the evening with a piece of bread and butter.

June 24

I feel broken. Can't get used to hard work. Do not get enough sleep. They raise with a merciless cry right at the strongest, sweetest time of sleep, at 3 am. The body, as if bruised, aches, the hands hurt, the legs hurt, the head is heavy, the eyes stick together, everything is spinning, it makes noise in the ears. With difficulty getting out of bed, having hastily dressed, having eaten a small piece of a loaf, we all go to work in the barracks.

It is still dark outside, the early morning dawn is barely breaking. Very cold. The cold covers the bodies that have not cooled down from the bed. Everyone's faces are yellow, their eyes are red, sleepy. You can hardly stand at work and look forward to a break. At 7 o'clock they give bread and butter. You greedily swallow this bread, which seems so delicious. Then you go back to the shop. You start working.

Making some part for a revolver. The main course of work was memorized mechanically, but no one understood anything. Weakened hands barely hold the planing lever, hot shavings burn the hands, fly into the face, cut the hands from inexperience. At long tables sit rejecters - old men. They look with insensitive, dull faces at young Russian girls, not yet completely faded. They examine from head to toe strong bodies, beautiful legs, breasts of Russian girls. From time to time they eat bread, thickly buttered, and drink something from flasks, irritating our appetite. Every now and then the chief master with a stone face passes through the workshop. He stands at each machine for a long time, strictly monitors the work.

June 26

At night they woke us up, saying that there was an air raid alert. They made me get dressed and go to the shelter. The German watchman shouted and swore, driving everyone into the shelter. I didn't feel any fear - I had already seen and heard bombings so many times. I wanted to sleep, I was terribly cold.

The alarm lasted 10 minutes. At 3 o'clock they got back to work. It's so disgusting to stand at the barre, you just count the time until the break. The girls, in order to get humpbacks, leave, hide in the restroom, in 15 minutes. before the call. Then, when they receive bread, there is a fight for these big pieces, a German woman - a fat, lush lady - calls for help from a policeman, because a crowd of hungry young girls pinned her to the wall.

Having eaten this bread, they again went to the machines and stood from 7 to 11, looking forward to dinner. An unpleasant feeling seizes me when I watch how everyone, with inflamed eyes, reddened and sweaty faces, knocking each other down, runs to the poured plates and greedily swallows hot soup. Spoons are sparkling, everyone is rushing to get more. German workers, craftsmen, women workers often stand at the door and watch how, forgetting shame and pride, all the girls, who are not like themselves, scolding each other angrily, impudently climb for more. The policeman shouts, calls us pigs and explains all this disgrace by the uncivilized and disgusting Russian people.

Today at 11 p.m. they gave potatoes with sauce, liquid and sour. Moreover, they give potatoes in their uniforms, and there are a lot of rotten potatoes. Who has more, who has less, who is bolder, climbs for more. At 7 pm there was again potatoes with sour curd. Before we had time to finish eating potatoes, a German girl came up to our table, distributing potatoes, and asked Galya and Yulia to dance - once she saw the girls dancing in a tent and now she asked: the policeman, they say, wants to watch. There was no mood, the potatoes were not yet finished, but the German asked so much that Galya and Yulia had to dance in the dining room without finishing the potatoes.

June 28

Day off. During this week we were so overtired, and the weather was cloudy and cold, that we spent the whole day in bed, going only once to the dining room. We lie in bed, we want to eat. All sorts of delicious foods come to mind, we remember how we ate at home, at festive dinners, but we want to eat more and more.

We are looking forward to 7, when we should give two thin pieces of loaf, lightly spread. All the girls agreed to protest, that is, to refuse this bread, after which you remain hungry, you even feel hunger even more. But as soon as the German woman began handing out pieces neatly wrapped in paper, everyone quickly ran for bread, they could not stand it.

Having eaten this bread in an instant, we decided to go and tell the German woman that we were hungry. Vera and I opened the doors to each room and called the girls for more. A large crowd had gathered. A German woman came out to the noise and asked what had happened. One of the girls said that we were hungry and that Herr said that on Sunday we should be given 4 pieces of bread instead of 2.

The German woman screamed at us and pushed 2 girls in the back. Everyone ran to the rooms. Then the German woman went from room to room and warned that if we behave like this, she will call the policeman and the instigators will be arrested. In the evening, while we were still in bed, three soldiers came into the room with a superior, who described our room as the worst. We didn't know why they came. They saw how the three of us were lying on the same bed and said something about our hairstyles and other compliments. The boss ran up to us and, all red with anger, screamed and pulled the blanket and even slapped Vera on the ass. In general, our "cool ladies" did not consider us, shouted at us, hit us in the face.

There is always cursing, screaming, fighting in the dining room. They argue about who ate less and who ate more. Everyone tries to come to the dining room first. They climb, crushing each other. The policeman is unable to contain this crowd, strong from hunger.

July 11

What a hard job for me. The machine is not listening. Hands are cut, swollen, aching with pain. Only men work behind such machines, and even then not all. We don't understand the car at all. Having mechanically memorized the main steps of the work, we make some things for anti-aircraft guns. Standing behind the car, I always remember my father. How he honestly worked in the printing house behind his machine. I visited him, he was happy, he explained his work to me.

For the 7th month now, I have not seen him, I have not heard his affectionate, playful words.

Germany! It was your leaders, led by Hitler, who turned everything upside down. It is you who play on the human nerves of the whole world. How much blood and tears have been shed. People have become like animals.

The war has been going on for a year now. At first, everyone was afraid of death, I remember how everyone was terribly afraid of air raids when they could not see or hear an enemy aircraft. Gradually they got used to all the surprises, became indifferent, but terribly nervous, greedy, angry. That's when people really do not live, but vegetate. We - young people - had a hard fate. We - hundreds and thousands of young Russian people - are slaves. We were forcibly torn away from our mothers and from our native, friendly nest were transferred to a foreign country, plunged to the bottom of unrestrained discontent, darkness, sleep.

Nothing is clear to us, everything is incomprehensible, everything is unknown. We must work, but forget about our human feelings. Forget about books, theaters, movies, forget about the love feelings of young hearts. And as soon as possible, get used to feeling hunger, cold, get used to humiliation, bullying from the "winners".

We seem to be used to it, at least it is noticeable from the outside. Everyone works, whether they want to or not, they don’t pay attention to ridicule, on the contrary, they excite these ridicule even more with their somehow especially bad, attention-grabbing behavior.

For example: young girls swear and even often fight among themselves in the dining room, show themselves without hesitation as uncultured, ill-mannered.